Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly.

大多数企业的环境管理者认为，在一个特定行业中，环境法规对所有竞争者的影响是一致的。

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The technology industry was coming under the sway of a dominant behemoth, one that had the potential to stifle innovation and squash its competitors.

科技行业正在受到一个占据主导地位的庞然大物的影响，这个庞然大物有可能扼杀创新，打压竞争对手。

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The country is years behind its competitors in the auto industry as a whole, but when it comes to green technology, everyone is starting from scratch.

在汽车工业上，这个国家比它的竞争者落后一个年代。但是当提到环保技术时，大家都在同一个起跑线。

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And although such a fragmentation and disintegration of the value chain offers companies a number of well publicized advantages, it has an unintended consequence: It eases the entry of new competitors to the industry easier, intensifying competition, shortening product cycles, and squeezing return on invested capital.

FORBES: How Hewlett-Packard And Dell Destroyed Their PC Advantage ... Piece-By-Piece

Apple is rarely able to produce a product or service that sweeps the industry and prevents competitors from cashing in.

FORBES: How Apple Can Win Its Patent War Against Samsung

Outsourcing leads to the fragmentation and disintegration of the supply chain, inviting new competitors into the industry, and undermining pricing power and profitability.

FORBES: The Unintended Consequences of Outsourcing