A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader.

"一张静止的照片只是暗示了时间的存在，而小说中的时间则随着读者的幻想而流逝。

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As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact.

作为中产阶级的一员，Gaskell 不得不以旁观者和记者的身份接近工人阶级的生活，而小说的读者也总是意识到这一点。

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There's plenty of jargon-ridden academic work on how audiencehood is an active state, culminating in the extreme (ie, French) notion that the reader actually creates the novel.

有很多很多满篇属于的学术研究证明做观众是处于多么活跃的一种状态，这种倾向达到极点的时候，读者会“创作一本小说”。

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The sustaining magic of Defoe's novel is that the reader comes to regard Crusoe's self-sufficient solitude first with pity, and then with grudging envy.

WSJ: Fiction as Authentic as Fact | Robinson Crusoe | Daniel Defoe | Masterpiece by Danny Heitman

The emotional force of a novel that has the power to grip a reader through many readings spread across multiple decades just cannot be delivered by a 112-minute movie.

FORBES: Atlas Shrugged Part II: Ideas That Tower Above Any Movie

No, but it gave me the confidence I needed to write my novel with authority and to immerse the reader in a criminal investigation and trial.

WSJ: Robert Dugoni on How to Write Thrillers | Word Craft