使痛苦使受剧烈的痛苦;折磨。 To inflict severe pain on;torture. 使痛苦使受剧烈的痛苦；折磨 .
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to inflict severe pain on
使痛苦，使痛苦
以上为机器翻译结果，长、整句建议使用 人工翻译 。
Despite all this, there are still opportunities for startups to inflict severe pain on incumbents.
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