Robert Naylor, chief executive of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, also becomes a Sir.

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The study at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital near Oswestry is being run by Dr Gareth Ackland at University College London Hospitals.

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Patrick O'Brien, a consultant obstetrician at University College London Hospitals, said such a case would be seen about "once a year" - but there there were no accurate figures.

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