The issue of upper vs whole mantle convection is critically discussed.

最后，着重讨论了上地幔与全地幔对流的论争。

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Therefore, the CMB is the beginning and the end of whole mantle convection.

因此，地幔底层既是全地幔对流的起点，又是全地幔对流的终点。

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Plume tectonic is a new global tectonic theory that was proposed based on whole mantle convection and hotspot volcanisms.

地幔柱构造是基于全地幔对流模式、主要依据热点火山活动提出的新的全球构造理论。

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