Shares in the world's giant mining companies have soared this year. Oil companies such as Brazil's Petrobras have doubled in value, while BP and Shell are around 20% above their March lows.

全球矿业巨头股价今年已经大幅上扬，如巴西石油公司之类的原油公司股价已经翻番，英国石油、壳牌等公司股价较3月份低点也已上扬超过20%。

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Sand mining further erodes the coast, and ground water drainage to sustain human populations triggers land subsidence even as the sea level rises by around 5mm a year.

采砂业也在进一步侵蚀着河岸，而人类的地下水开采导致地面沉降，与此同时，海平面正以每年5毫米的速度上升。

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Freeport Indonesia said in February that it expected output from the Grasberg mine to rise 30% this year, after falling around 40% last year due to strikes and its mining an area with lower mineral content.

WSJ: Indonesian Mine Death Toll Rises, Miners Still Trapped

At the same time, Brazilian multinational mining company, Vale (VALE), said it would be hiring around 10, 000 a year over the next three years at its global operations.

FORBES: U.S. Job Market Weak; Brazil Job Market Strong