Instead, the diagram should represent any kind of thing that passes from one activity to another: whether it be orders, parts, finished goods, designs, services, hardware, software — or data.

相反，图应该表示从一个活动传递到另一个活动的任何类型事物：不论它是报表、零部件、已完货物、设计、服务、硬件、软件——或数据。

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Prior to TOC, manufacturers would clog up their factories and warehouses with excess part inventory to bring the unit cost of parts (and therefore finished goods) down.

在TOC 之前，制造商为了降低单个部件的成本（从而降低成品的成本），他们的工厂和仓库堆满了过量的库存。

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Responsible for a class parts daily both raw material and finished goods.

负责A类产品的日盘点包括原材料和成品。

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First, the need to hold stocks of parts, partially finished and finished goods falls sharply: inventories at Dell have fallen from 31 days of parts at the end of the 1996 financial year to only six days today, says Paul Bell, who runs Dell's operations in Europe.

ECONOMIST: All yours | The

As my colleague Connie Guglielmo has noted, Apple actually buys some of the manufacturing gear used by some of the firms that make parts and finished goods for the company.

FORBES: Apple Sees FY '13 Cap Ex Down From '12; To Add 30-35 Stores

First and foremost economics: China already is or will in time become that largest and fastest growing market for a range of Japanese exports, a key production base for its industrial companies, and a source of important imports, from finished goods, to parts, to primary materials and food.

FORBES: More on the Future Japan-China (and Japan--U.S. ) Relationship