To shield themselves from higher raw-material prices, more of them are acquiring their own iron-ore and coal mines or deposits, as well as producers of scrap steel.

为规避原材料涨价的影响，越来越多的钢铁企业自己收购矿山和煤矿或资源储备区，甚至收购废钢企业。

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Since pig iron and scrap are cheap, and because there is no expensive refinement process, cast iron is a low cost material compared with steel.

由于生铁和废钢铁都便宜，又因为不需要昂贵的精炼过程，和钢相比铸铁是一种廉价材料。

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These are graphite, high silicon cast iron, lead silver alloy, platinum, and even scrap steel rails.

所用材料有石墨、高硅铸铁、铅银合金、铂、甚至废钢轨等。

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The company runs minimills, which produce steel from scrap rather than iron ore and manufacture products in smaller batches than traditional plants.

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An even lower-cost group of domestic producers are the mini-mill operators, such as Nucor, which make steel from scrap metal instead of iron ore.

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