In chapter 4, laser cooling and trapping and applications of ultracold atoms are reviewed. The beam and atom interaction theory is analyzed.

第四章针对空心光束的应用，综述了激光与原子相互作用的物理机制，分析了空心光束冷却原子的机理以及研究动态。

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The principle and experiment of fabricating Nanometer patterns are studied primarily based on the principle of laser cooling and trapping atoms.

基于激光冷却和捕获原子的原理，初步探讨了利用原子进行纳米量级图形制作的基本原理和实验研究。

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In 1997 he shared the Nobel Prize for physics for his work on cooling and trapping atoms using laser light.

BBC: Profile: Steven Chu