All told, loneliness is as important a risk factor for early death as obesity and smoking.

所有这些都表明，与肥胖、吸烟一样，孤独是导致早亡的重要风险因素。

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In fact, Age UK goes as far as arguing it is just as important as the physical activity bit as loneliness is a risk factor for both cognitive and physical decline.

BBC: Why old age need not be a burden

Some individuals are at greater risk than others for feelings of loneliness because of development issues -- for example, shy children who are excluded or rejected by other children, he said.

CNN: Feeling lonely? Genes might be at fault

Loneliness of elders is widespread and their isolation can put them at risk for exploitation.

FORBES: The International Plan of Action on Aging,