In short, to both philosophers of science, strategic management should not be seen as a genuinely scientific paradigm or research programme.

简而言之，对两位科学哲学家，战略管理都不能被视为一种真正的科学范式或研究纲领。

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The Scientific Committee of the IWC has explicitly stated that the results generated by the Japanese Whale Research Program in the Antarctic (JARPA) "were not required for management".

国际鲸鱼委员会下属的科学委员会曾对日本南极鲸鱼研究项目(JARPA)的结果进行过详细论述，认为这些结果“对于鲸鱼资源的管理来说，不是必要的。”

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That's where his Beijing Business Management Scientific Research Institute comes in.

袁的北京某管理研究院正是针对此而设。

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Dr. Billal has 28 years of scientific and administrative experience in research and management to his credit and has the honour of implementing more then 1200 scientific programmes and projects around the world, covering a broad category of areas like science policy and innovation system, science education, technology capability building, environment protection, climate change, and water management programmes among others.

UNESCO: Education