Conclusions Ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is safe and effective, being the first choice for patients with middle or lower ureteral stones, especially accompanying renal colic.
结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石安全有效，并发症少，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法，尤其对肾绞痛者疗效更好。
Large stones can block urine flow, be a focus for infection, or cause renal colic (painful spasms).
较大的肾结石能造成尿路梗阻，促成感染并引起肾小管痉挛-肾绞痛。
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