The biggest Banks each have hundreds of billions of dollars of such debt, including overnight loans from other Banks, short-term paper sold to money-market funds and bonds held by pension funds.

多数巨型银行都有着数千亿美元的债务，包括：来自其他银行的隔夜贷款、出售给货币市场基金及债券(由退休基金持有)的短期票券。

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As they made loans faster than they gathered customer deposits, Banks plugged the gap by short-term borrowing, often from other financial firms.

他们吸收存款远没有放出去贷款快，所以用短期借贷(通常从其他金融机构)来堵上这个漏洞。

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In normal times, Banks share their cash reserves with each other through short-term loans at interest rates that should closely track the policy rates set by central Banks.

一般情况下，银行间彼此会通过短期贷款来平衡准备金的储备，而它们之间短期贷款的利率是紧跟央行的基准利率的。

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The London interbank offered rate, the rate banks charge each other for short-term loans, soared in recent weeks despite central bank injections of hundreds of billions into the system.

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An exception is made for short-term loans to other parts of the corporation.

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Supervisors on both sides of the Atlantic concluded that the bank's heavy reliance on wholesale markets (very short-term loans from companies and other banks) left it especially vulnerable to running out of money when confidence collapsed.

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