The objective Sharpe ratio function of land development arithmetic average value portfolio is deduced based on the geometric average B-S model of the basket options in the paper.

参照一篮子期权的几何平均B-S期权定价模型，给出了基于实物期权的多项土地资源储备与开发的算术平均收益的夏普比率优化目标函数。

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Using Morningstar data, Sharpe found the average actively-managed U.S. stock fund had an expense ratio of 1.12 percent during 2012.

FORBES: A Sharpe Assault On Mutual Fund Fees