（4）抽象原则（the abstraction principle）：上述的三个原则是指如如何数的 原则，抽象原则是指数什么的原则，主要是在说明任何可数的具体或抽 象项目都可以加以计数。
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The abstraction principle is the soul of negotiable instrument circulation, and the development trend of the negotiable instrument system. Various modern countries carry out the principle in their legislation.
票据无因性是票据流通的灵魂,是票据制度的发展趋势,现代各国票据立法普遍采用了票据无因性原则。
参考来源 - 票据无因性研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
The first principle of a modularity framework is to attempt to try to focus on one logical piece of functionality at a time, also known as abstraction.
一个模块化框架的第一个基本原理是，努力尝试在一个时间关注于一个逻辑功能块，也称作为抽象。
The second principle of a modularity framework is closely related to abstraction.
模块化框架的第二个基本原理与抽象紧密相关。
Loose coupling together with the "service Abstraction" principle and the "service Reusability" principle are central enablers of composable services.
松耦合和“服务抽象”原则及“服务可重用性”原则一起都是可组合服务的核心驱动力。
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