Due to intense oscillation of these integral, calculation using direct numerical integral, i. e., GPSS (the generalized point source synthesis method), is complex.

由于这类积分的强烈振荡性，直接数值积分，即通常的广义点源叠加方法(GPSS)，计算比较复杂。

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The FEM calculate method for contact problem, i. e. LAGRANGE multipliers, penalty methods and direct constrains were discussed.

同时探讨了接触问题的三种计算方法——拉格朗日乘子法、罚函数法和基于求解器的直接约束法；

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The production technologies of phenol are briefly introduced, i. e. method based on cumin, toluene-benzoic acid based method, and direct oxidation of benzene.

简要介绍了苯酚的几种生产工艺，异丙苯法、甲苯-苯甲酸法和苯直接氧化法。

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