Riisgaard认为利用工业生物技术把农业废料转化成其它的化学物质(包括燃料)能替代全球20%至25%的石油消耗。

Mr Riisgaard reckons that converting agricultural waste into other chemicals (including fuels) using industrial biotechnology could replace 20-25% of global oil consumption.

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一种可能替代是使用一族称为阿凡曼菌素的化学物质。

One possibility is to use one of a group of chemicals called avermectins.

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低密度的聚乙烯是PVC很好的替代品，它的生产过程相对简单，也不需要添加化学物质增加柔软性。

Low density polyethylene makes a nice substitute for PVC. It has a simple makeup and doesn't require additives to make it soft and pliable.

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