Besides its temperature, the light coming from a star can also tell astronomers a lot about its chemical composition.
To examine the relationship between the newly discovered goo and barnacle glue, Dr Vollrath's colleagues, Katrin Kronenberger and Cedric Dicko, took a look at the chemical composition of both.
The exact chemical composition of a fibre's glass determines how transparent it is to different frequencies, and also its tendency to disperse those frequencies even when it is transparent.
Dr Kirkpatrick points out that the spectrum (and thus the chemical composition) of a methane dwarf is very similar to that of Jupiter.
In order for all of the sensors in the inner ear to function properly, the fluid needs to retain a certain volume, pressure and chemical composition.
Although APXS and ChemCam will tell you which chemical elements are present, they don't tell you how precisely those atoms are arranged into the crystalline structures that make up the rock, and both this mineralogy and the chemical composition are ideally needed to assign a rock name.
Changing the chemical composition of the anchor (which is what happens as a result of the faulty gene), prevents the bacterium from sticking to it.
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As well as using the rover's X-ray spectrometer on Whitewater Lake and Kirkwood to determine the chemical elements present, and thus get a better idea of their mineralogical composition, the team needs to work out the order and position of the rock layers to tell them something of their relative ages.
The two institutes have developed compact and portable x-ray devices capable of analysing the structure and chemical composition of ancient bones, buildings, and art objects in a non-destructive fashion.
In addition to a sea floor mapping project, the researchers will make chemical analyses of water samples that will help them determine the temperature, salinity and composition of a strong circumpolar current that flows around the boundary of the Arctic Ocean.
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Buchholz, a physicist and a nuclear engineer, is an expert at something called accelerator mass spectrometry, an extraordinarily precise method of determining the chemical composition of materials.
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