The gel coats the interior of the vessel with a plastic compound that has a net positive charge.

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These ions, like the hydrogen ions that are the heart of every acid, have a single positive charge.

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That means its nucleus has a stronger positive charge and that, in turn, means the electrons orbiting the nucleus are more attracted to it and travel faster, at roughly 60% of the speed of light, compared with 35% for the electrons orbiting a tin atom.

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The delegitimising of the local cleric is a very positive step, because it has turned the charge of blasphemy on its head.

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The agency was expected to capitalize on Braun capturing the MVP award last season but put those plans on hold after it was leaked in December that Braun had tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug, a charge Bruan always denied.

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"Oftentimes the value we get is more than the fee that we charge, so it ends up being a net positive for the customer, " he says.

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While this trend might have a significant positive impact to other credit card issuers, American Express has little to gain since its charge-off rates have always been the lowest.

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According to a survey for London First, a business organisation, 59% of firms term the charge's impact on London's economy as positive or neutral, compared with 26% who say it has been negative.

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