Thanks to data collected and disseminated by the Arctic Regional Ocean Observing System (Arctic ROOS) and by national observing efforts, information about the extent of the Arctic sea ice is reported every few days, providing an early warning of changing conditions in the Arctic Ocean.
The Geographic pole is the top of the axis on which the earth spins, the Magnetic pole is where the compass points to, and the Arctic pole is the point on the Arctic Ocean furthest from any land.
More recently, his techniques have begun to reveal how the changing ice cover might affect the interaction between the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere.
Shell first obtained licences from the US Department of the Interior in 2005 to explore the Arctic ocean off the northern and north-western coasts of Alaska.
In a big blow for Royal Dutch Shell, the Obama administration has blocked the drilling of exploratory wells in the Arctic Ocean off the North Slope of Alaska until 2011 at the earliest.
Artur Chilingarov, an adventurer and deputy speaker of Russia's parliament, led two Russian mini-submarines to the bottom of the Arctic Ocean beneath the North Pole, where he collected gravel and planted the Russian flag.
In the Lords (from 2.30pm) questions from peers range across the record-low sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean during the past year and the likely future of oil prices , before peers continue the marathon committee stage consideration of the Growth and Infrastructure Bill.
Such is the demand for natural gas around Fort McMurray that a consortium of companies, including Shell Canada and Imperial Oil, has proposed building a seven-hundred-and-fifty-mile pipeline from the Arctic Ocean through the largely undisturbed wilderness of the Mackenzie River Valley and down into northern Alberta.
Although the Obama administration recently proposed to allow a modest expansion of offshore drilling in the Arctic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico as the first concessions since the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill, Atlantic and Pacific sites will remain off-limits to avoid a controversial decision before the election.
The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported in early March that 2011 has tied with 2006 for the record low sea-ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean (in the satellite record).
The warming of high-latitude North America and the adjacent Arctic Ocean is the largest of any on the planet.
The strait is the exit route from the Arctic Ocean, a current carrying the floes south into the Atlantic.
"Experts predict that by 2080 or possibly earlier, the ice in the Arctic Ocean will disappear completely during the summer months unless we cut our carbon emissions considerably, " he said.
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Today we flew to Fairbanks and went to the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, for presentations on the diversity of the Arctic Ocean and how climate change is impacting the region.
The council is the main intergovernmental forum for the five countries on the Arctic Ocean America, Canada, Denmark, Norway and Russia and three others in the Arctic Circle (Finland, Iceland and Sweden).
The veneer of fractured ice over the Arctic Ocean is changing, disintegrating before my eyes.
We swimmers know what it is to be chilled by the Arctic Ocean, and to be alive.
If things don't change, Russia will continue to drift like a piece of ice in the Arctic Ocean.
Environmental campaigners say that a draft plan to respond to an oil spill in the Arctic ocean is inadequate and vague.
In fact, the Arctic Ocean may have been virtually ice-free in September.
Located on the Arctic Ocean, it is home to about 4, 500 people.
Their most significant finding is that climate change means the gas is being released from more and deeper areas of the Arctic Ocean.
They spend most of their time on sea ice, this cap of ice that is floating around on the surface of the Arctic Ocean.
This has allowed scientists to retrieve information about the Arctic Ocean region's gravity field, its surface circulation, and the thickness of its sea-ice cover.
The President -- or the Department of Interior recently announced steps toward additional drilling -- or further drilling in the Arctic Ocean around Alaska.
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The U.S. Navy is staging the aquatic-equivalent of a dog-and-pony show in the Arctic Ocean this month with a small fleet of nuclear-powered submarines.
There's also more freshwater coming from sea ice in the Arctic Ocean that's been rapidly melting, and there's yet more freshwater coming from melting glaciers.
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In Greenland and the Arctic Ocean, December was comparatively balmy.
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As the fur-bearing population gave out in one place, the Russians moved east and north, following the streams and portages of the rivers that flowed to the Arctic Ocean.
One of two Shell ships that drilled last year in the Arctic Ocean, it has a 160-foot derrick rising from its center and no propulsion system of its own.
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