It will roll out a service this fall, so any Indian with a mobile phone and a Visa card can transfer funds domestically to any other Visa cardholder for a 2% fee (to be split by the card-issuing bank, mobile phone vendor and Visa).

FORBES: Magazine Article

Every time a consumer makes a transaction using cards a transaction fee is charged to the merchant, a significant portion of which (the interchange fee component) is passed on to the card-issuing bank to compensate for the risk associated with lending and to fund membership reward programs.

FORBES: American Express Could Fall To $40 On Antitrust Worries

American Express is charging Walmart less than what debit card-issuing banks like Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase and Citi and Wells Fargo would charge Walmart via debit card swipe fees.

FORBES: Bove: Is Walmart's Banking Business Legal?

So far this year two big UK banks - Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland - have started issuing card readers as extra security devices to customers who use their online bank accounts.

BBC: NEWS | Business | Surge in credit card fraud abroad

There a clearinghouse network allows electronic settlement of all plastic-money transactions for any type of card or issuing bank.

CNN: THE E-TAIL REVOLUTION