There are cases where the science is clear and the public believes: Cigarette smoking.
" In unequivocal terms, it concluded that "cigarette smoking is causally related to lung cancer in men.
The researchers took into account factors such as cigarette smoking and age, which can affect COPD risk.
Physical activity dropped by 40%, cigarette smoking increased by 16%, and drinking alcohol with regularity increased by 32%.
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Cigarette smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer Society.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates cigarette smoking results in approximately 443, 000 annual premature deaths.
CNN: Breaking up is hard to do, especially with your cigarette
There is nothing to counteract all of the bad effects of cigarette smoking.
It is a powerful risk factor for these cancers -- almost as powerful as cigarette smoking is for lung cancer.
This "remodelling" of the arteries suggests that changes caused by cigarette smoking may occur at an early stage in COPD .
They cover a fairly wide range of issues, from acid rain and the ozone hole through cigarette smoking and global warming.
Fifty years ago, Americans contended with similar public ignorance -- and similar industry misinformation -- about the hazards of cigarette smoking.
After all, the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was established decades before the biological mechanisms involved had been elucidated.
Chief parental counselor Mayor Michael Bloomberg notwithstanding, cigarette smoking in America has been on a steady decline for the last several decades.
Surprisingly, cigarette smoking was not significantly associated with atherosclerosis in this study.
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Besides overindulgence in food and booze, leading causes of heartburn include cigarette smoking, being overweight, wearing tight clothes around your waist and, rather unfairly, pregnancy.
By the early 20th century, with the growth in cigarette smoking, articles addressing the health effects of smoking began to appear in scientific and medical journals.
But to add to the risk-list associated with the habit, this week's British Medical Journal found that cigarette smoking accounts for one in eight hip fractures in women.
It will be even more difficult for the federal government, which has condemned cigarette smoking since the 1960s, to claim that it was not aware of the health consequences.
Many other factors that have been studied do not seem to affect the risk of breast cancer (dietary fat intake, cigarette smoking, past oral contraceptive use, exposure to electromagnetic fields).
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Cigarette smoking in Africa - in particular in countries like Egypt and Nigeria - is growing by a record 3.5% a year, according to the UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO).
Cigarette smoking was thought to be smart and sophisticated.
If I was paid enough and if I was a scientist, I could probably tell you that there's no relationship between cigarette smoking and bad health, or sugar eating and bad teeth, or whatever.
These days, there is no shortage of commercials showing the effects of cigarette smoking, but there are (as of this writing) none that show the desperation and panic derived from being in debt or facing a financial crisis.
The lawyers were quick to take credit for the sales decline in a statement earlier this year, claiming that by "focusing attention on the conduct of tobacco companies and the dangers of cigarette smoking, " they compelled more people to quit.
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Thus, these breast cancer risk factors are nothing like cigarette smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer, where a current smoker has roughly a 15-fold increased risk compared to that of someone who never smoked, and a heavy smoker might have a 40 or 50-fold increased risk.
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The first clinical and epidemiological studies linking cigarette-smoking and lung cancer were published only in 1950.
Council officers saw the woman throw the gum on the ground, and then a cigarette after smoking it.
For much of the twentieth century, nearly ubiquitous cigarette advertisements encouraged smoking through both overt and subliminal gimmickry.
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