In simultaneous press conferences in Madrid, Rome, London and Berlin, other leaders pledged comparable amounts in similar plans, all providing closecollaborationbetween governments and banks.
And that is the close and increasingly closecollaborationbetween public higher education and indeed much of private higher education in the United States and private industry.
Both Heads of State highlighted the effective collaboration in the fields of astronomy and astro-engineering which will allow the operation of the LSST and ALMA telescopes in the northern Chile, involving an investment of 1.5 billion dollars, with a closecollaborationbetween public and private academic and research institutions in both countries.
The shift from planar to FinFET-based 3D transistors is a significant change that requires close technical collaborationbetween tool developers, foundries and early adopters to deliver a strong solution.