On all Generation II reactors the ones currently in operation the cooling water is circulated by electric pumps.
That came alongside news that the volume of the reactor's cooling water had declined sharply.
The permits cover the discharge and disposal of radioactive waste and cooling water.
Microcyn arose from research done in the 1990s by Japanese physicists looking for a way to disinfect cooling water in nuclear reactors.
The Environment Agency permits cover the discharge and disposal of radioactive waste and cooling water and running of standby generators.
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After this, excavation work can start to lay the foundations of the nuclear plant including two underground 3km tunnels for the cooling water.
Hydrogen is building up because, due to low levels of cooling water, fuel rods are partially exposed, causing them to overheat.
Water from Hurricane Sandy rose almost 7 feet above normal, threatening the water intake structure that pumps cooling water through the plant.
Central electric power plants, in particular, are highly dependent on vast quantities of cooling water that will become scarcer under climate change.
For example, the Westinghouse AP 1000 reactor places cooling water at a level above the reactor unlike the Fukushima design so that it would naturally flow down.
When combined with other restrictions on coal ash and cooling water EPA is planning, capacity losses will more likely be somewhere between 3.5% and 7%.
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These rods, while not as hot as the ones currently in the reactors, also require cooling water to prevent overheating that could lead to a meltdown.
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That thinking changed on March 28, 1979, when a small valve stuck open, cooling water escaped and the reactor core of TMI's Unit 2 began to melt.
The system cooling water which contained spent - but still highly radioactive - nuclear fuel rods failed and it took engineers some 30 hours to repair the damage.
Using the agency's own data, the scientists group said 14 serious incidents, ranging from broken or impaired safety equipment to a cooling water leak, were reported last year.
The other aspects of the build include the turbine halls, standby power generators and a pumping station for the cooling water, interim waste storage facilities as well as a visitors' centre.
Nearby, across a broad wooden deck that surrounds the cooling water ramp, stands a British Mandate-era lighthouse, erected in 1936, its cement chipped away by the salt air to reveal a crosshatch of bare rebar.
Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has long suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling.
Every year about 200, 000 people play in view of the No. 3 nuclear plant dome as the cooling tower spews water back out to sea, heating the ocean by 1-3 degrees Celsius.
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After reading about a circulating water cooling cap that was used in a University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine sleep study, the girls set about creating a cheaper, lighter, and less onerous solution the cooling headband.
The researchers found that the energy used in pumping, treating, heating, cooling and pressurizing water in the U.S. is about 25% more than all the energy burned in all the lightbulbs in homes and businesses.
The hundreds of photovoltaic chips gathering energy at the center will be cooled by the same sort of microchannel water cooling that kept Aquasar from frying, letting each chip safely concentrate 2, 000 times the solar energy it would normally face.
Mr Brunschwiler and his colleagues have therefore been experimenting with water-cooling of stacked chips.
There's plenty of water for cooling and, apart from fans of the Great Basin National Park, no one around to complain.
Eventually it gets too loud, so gamers replace fans with a water-cooling system--essentially a car radiator for their computer--which also enhances overall performance.
Water-cooling of this sort could also make a more direct contribution to the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions, by promoting the use of solar energy.
The new Generation III reactors such as the AP1000 have a simplified "passive" cooling system where the water circulates by natural convection with no pumping required.
Nuclear experts say that the plant's destroyed central water-cooling tower would take a year or longer to rebuild if North Korea were to try using the plant again.
The KoolCollar also comes with a gel filled insert that you freeze and use instead of ice (minus the secondary evaporative cooling) for indoor use, to provide cooling without the dripping water.
On the downside, you do have to give up some of the more premium features like water-cooling or an upper-tier processor, but if you're looking to keep things well under the two grand mark, Computer Shopper says this one is about as good a bet as any.
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