The malware targeted Android owners in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other countries in eastern Europe.
Running along the bed of the Baltic Sea, it would circumvent troublesome transit countries in eastern Europe.
Only a handful of countries in eastern Europe were affected, but the sense of insecurity spread right across the continent.
Dedicatexpress was just one of many, many sites run out of countries in Eastern Europe that made up the underground economy, said Mr Ferguson.
This has acted as a powerful spur to countries in Eastern Europe, most of whom have got rid of their death-penalty laws in the past few years.
The euro remains the natural currency (for historic, political and geographic reasons) for emerging market countries in Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and North Africa.
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It is also in the midst of cutting back desperately needed oil supplies to countries in Eastern Europe such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Bulgaria by some 20-30 percent.
Now the new money must be directed to developing countries, especially in eastern Europe.
Since then eight other countries in eastern and central Europe have followed suit.
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Moreover, after the next enlargement to take in countries from Eastern Europe, a Europe of different speeds is surely inevitable.
Poor infrastructure, clumsy regulation and wayward judiciaries mean that doing business in Latin America remains more difficult and costly than in many countries in Asia or eastern Europe, with which it competes.
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George Soros's Open Society programme offers one modest solution: it tops up the pay of a small group of elite public-sector workers who have returned to countries in Central and Eastern Europe after being educated abroad.
In some southern African countries, half of new mothers could soon die of AIDS. Epidemics are emerging in China, India, eastern Europe and countries in the former Soviet Union.
But in some other countries - particularly in southern and eastern Europe - climate was not widely discussed.
It claimed to have evidence of covert CIA camps in at least eight countries, some of them in eastern Europe.
It has since acquired 12, 000 users in 90 countries, mostly in outsourcing hotbeds like Eastern Europe, South America and Asia.
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It features paintings, photography, drawings and video exhibitions from developing countries in Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe.
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The study is based on research on 250 fortunes in 22 countries in Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, as well as interviews with billionaires from these emerging markets, editors of Forbes international editions and Forbes wealth analysts.
It also has a foothold in most countries of central and eastern Europe: it went early into Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia.
The mood in the former satellite countries of eastern Europe is bleak.
Even the countries listed under "Eastern Europe" in my guidebook have been consigned to history.
However, growth in the UK was not as high as in some Scandinavian countries and Central and Eastern Europe.
But taking in newly democratic countries from Central and Eastern Europe has stretched the rules somewhat, since none is treaty-perfect (though that applies to some older hands, too).
The average wage in both countries is around 14 euros an hour - far higher than in most of eastern Europe.
Meanwhile, thanks largely to the economic shock of 2008-09, population decline is actually accelerating in most of Eastern Europe, as many people head to the old EU countries in search of more promising opportunities.
The idea of applying these fracing techniques to Europe is appealing, especially in Eastern and Central Europe, where the former Soviet bloc countries still largely depend on imported natural gas from Russia for domestic consumption.
There is clearly a significant divide between northern European countries and those of the south and those in eastern Europe.
It refers not to the French motorway running east from Marseille, but the eight poor countries from Eastern Europe who joined the EU in the largest single expansion since its creation in 1957.
"A lot will have arisen from new European Union (EU) members in part after 2004 when countries from Eastern and Central Europe joined, " he said.
Is it also possible that local affiliates, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, were in fact funded by resources provided by multilateral institutions to those countries rather than through the internal capital markets?
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