Perhaps some tumors occur when disease or environmental exposure disregulates the genetics of cells and alters their identity.
Much of the data is from observational studies which are subject to many biases, and there is the challenge of isolating and quantifying environmental exposure.
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How microbes are modified by individual lifestyle, environmental exposure and interaction with human genes and disease is part of an ambitious research agenda scientists hope will lead to new strategies, medicines and foods to maintain health and treat disease.
Most studies are based on imprecise recall and anecdotal evidence concerning the exact amount of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Over this same period concern about possible effects of exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides and heavy metals, has become ever more pervasive.
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Might well be true, but I wonder how respondents would have fared when exposed to another environmental condition: exposure to scientific fact, opinion, and debate.
"These increases could be caused by increasing exposure to environmental risk factors such as peanuts and other foods or latex, to an increased susceptibility in the population to these allergens or a combination of these factors, " they wrote.
In May Dr Cardis and her colleagues published a validation study in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.
Evidence of oxidative stress can appear under other conditions, including exposure to certain environmental pollutants or infections in the urinary genital tract.
As a royalty owner, the company receives between 0.5% to 5% of the value of all precious metals produced by the mines on which it has invested, without any exposure to rising costs or environmental liabilities.
That is called epigenetics and is controlled by environmental factors such a temperature, solar radiation exposure or food or lack of food.
Smoking bans could have an effect on reducing heart attacks or heart disease generally by one of two major routes: either by inducing current smokers to quit or by reducing the exposure of non-smokers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
"Currently, we have identified no infectious agent common to all of the cases, " the statement said, adding that no evidence exists that the cases were caused by exposure to chemical or biological weapons, SARS or environmental toxins.
The environmental disaster cannot even be estimated, as a human being would face deadly exposure levels of radiation within two minutes of entering the hot zones of the plant.
Ironically, because past research studying the after-effects of exposure to things like atom bombs and radiation treatments for cancer suggests the most important environmental risk factor for meningiomas is ionising radiation.
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But environmental agencies want the amount reduced even more on the reasoning that people might get a higher cumulative exposure to the chemical from other sources.
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