In its evaluation, IARC considers experimental evidence of carcinogenicity but gives priority to human epidemiologic evidence.
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Like all epidemiologic studies, the Danish study is not perfect, but its strengths should also be acknowledged.
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Appliance usage may be a main effect variable in epidemiologic studies of health impacts of electromagnetic fields.
Yet epidemiologic studies tell us that one in four persons will suffer from mental illness in their lifetime.
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Second, in an ecologic analysis, one cannot control for confounding factors as one can in an analytic epidemiologic study.
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In fact, Leszczynski appears to be far out of his depth in venturing to explicate and criticize an epidemiologic study.
And those who devote their lives to doing epidemiologic research are eager, understandably, to obtain results that will contribute to disease prevention.
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In three epidemiologic studies on workers exposed to 1, 4-dioxane, the observed number of cancer cases did not differ from the expected cancer deaths.
Epidemiologic data, including efficacy and toxicology data specifically, for individual drugs used separately does not necessarily equate to the same for two drugs used in combination.
Certain epidemiologic studies (mainly from a single group in Sweden) indicate an elevated risk of glioma (the most malignant type of brain cancer) in long-term users of cell phones.
Furberg has co-authored epidemiologic studies that showed problems for Bextra, and he was the harshest Pfizer critic on the panel--at one point saying inconsistencies in the company's data submissions smacked of dishonesty.
Many of these reports are based on the results of epidemiologic studies, which examine associations between a wide range of behaviors and exposures, on the one hand, and the development of diseases, on the other.
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According to results from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), alcoholism affects men more than women: About 10 percent of men, compared to 3 to 5 percent of women, become alcoholics over the course of their lifetime.
Epidemiologic studies over the past 40 years have identified numerous risk factors for breast cancer, including: older age, an early age at menarche, a late age at first full-term birth, not having children, a family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative, greater height, higher circulating estrogen levels, postmenopausal hormone use, breast density, history of breast biopsies, obesity (for postmenopausal breast cancer), and exposure to ionizing radiation.
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