The first clinical and epidemiological studies linking cigarette-smoking and lung cancer were published only in 1950.
The manufacturer says it's working on two epidemiological studies, but wouldn't give further details.
So far, a number of epidemiological studies have not found evidence that they do.
Moreover, the plaintiffs' experts argue, besides being flawed in design, the epidemiological studies done so far have been looking at the wrong diseases.
By their nature epidemiological studies contain mostly healthy people, he says, explaining why high HDL always seems to be protective in these studies.
Many epidemiological studies link low vitamin D levels to a high risk of getting or dying from various cancers down the road, especially colon cancer.
For an objective summary of the evidence, see the articles by neurologist Steven Novella here and here, which summarize a dozen epidemiological studies.
But since 1994 a series of epidemiological studies by the Mayo Clinic and others have found no evidence of a link between breast implants and this illness.
ECONOMIST: Product liability: Of cigarettes and silicone | The
Epidemiological studies have found that bad living--smoking, drinking too much alcohol, feasting on cheeseburgers--is responsible for 80% of one's risk of heart disease and almost all of the risk of diabetes.
One of the largest epidemiological studies of autism identified it in 2.64%% of South Korean schoolchildren, and anecdotal assertions to the contrary, autism does exist in countries like Cambodia.
He presents data from pharmacological or epidemiological studies on what exactly those are, bolstering his argument with discussions on the nature of addiction and changing attitudes to psychoactive substances throughout history.
On a global scale, however, autism rates are largely unknown, because of a lack of research and reliable epidemiological studies and a relative lack of awareness surrounding the condition, Dawson told CNN.
' Several epidemiological studies in the years since the accident have supported the conclusion that radiation releases from the accident had no perceptible effect on cancer incidence in residents near the plant.
Several epidemiological studies showed there was no significant difference between people who take supplements and those who do not, said Anding, a registered dietitian and director of sports nutrition at Texas Children's Hospital.
But a series of epidemiological and genome studies have all but established Minustah's role as fact.
They cite a flurry of intriguing, if preliminary, epidemiological and lab studies hinting that vitamin D may play a role in staving off a wide range of diseases, including colon cancer, infections, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune ailments and possibly even heart disease.
"The evidence that has come up is of great interest but it's all either anecdotal or epidemiological and not the intervention studies that are going on right now that will lead to answers in the next three years, " said Robert Wood, director of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
WSJ: Food Allergy Advice for Parents: Start Peanuts, Eggs and More Sooner
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