The effect is robust over time, economically significant, unlikely to be caused by data-mining, and not related to taking excess risk.
In the case of light smokers who had fewer than 10 cigarettes a day, there was no excess risk three to five years after quitting.
Current smokers have roughly a two-fold risk of heart disease compared to never smokers, and smokers who quit rapidly lose most of their excess risk after about 3 to 5 years.
With this small bias comes increased risk, but PXI has managed to generate excess risk-adjusted returns of more than 9.5 percent over the past year when compared with a cap-weighted benchmark of U.S. energy firms.
It says that its own meta-analysis of 41 Celebrex studies containing 44, 000 patients found no excess heart risk.
However, the authors of the NCI study provide some plausible reasons why other Celebrex studies may not have seen excess heart risk.
In another recent cancer prevention study that found no excess heart risk in Celebrex users, patients only took Celebrex once per day, not twice as in the NCI study, potentially reducing any damaging effects to the heart from Cox-2 inhibition.
While commodity prices are being fueled in part by excess liquidity chasing risk, as developed economies follow through with loose monetary policy, the dynamics behind emerging market currency fluctuations, especially the real, are traced out by their interaction with China.
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Researchers also investigated how smoking influenced this relationship and how excess weight affected death risk from specific causes.
According to the OECD, for every 15 kilograms of excess weight, the risk of death increases by about 30%.
The Goldman analyst asserts that wafer capacity will hit a new peak in Q4, creating risk of excess chip supply in the second half of this year and into 2012.
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If economies perk up and a rate cut turns out to have been unnecessary, it can be reversed: with ample excess capacity, the risk of inflation taking off is low.
There is strong scientific evidence that excess body fat is a risk factor for cancer, as well as other non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
In my methodology, the objective is to generate returns in excess of those commensurate with the risk taken.
Money in motion provides the possibility of gains in excess of inflation, but also the risk of potential losses.
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Cari Lynn, a young writer who spent two years as a clerk at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, finds a world populated by larger-than-life characters, high-stakes risk-taking, and excess in all its forms.
Some asset prices have been inflated (especially gold and bonds), but overall inflation has remained relatively low because people and businesses have been holding large cash balances, and banks have parked their excess reserves at the Fed for a risk-free return.
In growing markets, companies can afford to risk over-investing, because excess capacity is eventually mopped up.
Portfolio managers often use the eponymous Sharpe ratio to determine how much excess return they are producing per unit of risk.
The Myners proposal appears to assume that shareholders are wise enough to prevent corporate excess, in terms of pay packages or risk-taking.
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As markets factor in a more optimistic growth outlook, excess liquidity has moved from the sidelines into risk assets, putting upward pressure on inflation.
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For the lowest risk patients, they estimated 9 excess deaths.
Carrying excess weight around the abdomen is linked to an increased risk of kidney disease, a study suggests.
They can instead do nothing and park excess reserves at the Fed, earning a competitive but risk-free rate total no-brainer.
The best way to minimise risk is to take regular exercise and to lose excess weight.
First, banks have to be continually willing to forsake the 25 bps they receive on their excess reserves as well as the cash cushion they provide for higher yielding risk assets.
In comparison, carrying excess fat around the stomach, being "apple shaped", raises the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
The diet is high in animal protein, which could lead to an excess intake of saturated fat, resulting in elevated cholesterol levels, an increased risk of heart disease and increased risk of certain types of cancer.
Europe, too, is not just suffering from an excess of counter-inflationary zeal (at a time when deflation is also a risk) and inappropriate fiscal restraint: fundamental reforms are needed to labour and capital markets in several countries if domestic demand is to grow significantly.
Actually, alcohol in excess, can lead to a lowering of your core body temperature and place you at risk for hypothermia.
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