Dukes another Congressional creation is at issue: The federal court rules allowing class actions.
However, experts say that even if the Swiss Federal Criminal Court rules in Polanski's favour, the decision would probably be appealed immediately by the Swiss government.
Second, the case was the first Vioxx trial in federal court, where the rules are thought to favor defendants.
That's when a U.S. federal appeals court overturned government rules that would have forced electronics manufacturers to build anti-piracy devices--known as Broadcast Flags--into many digital televisions, video recorders and other devices.
If, as some have predicted, the federal district court judge in Wilmington again rules against MacDonald, the case will be back in the hands of the same Court of Appeals that finally saw the light and ordered the hearings after decades of judicial dawdling.
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The U.S. Supreme Court in 2006 modified the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to insure the ability to gain electronic discovery of messages.
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The deregulation process was reinforced by a federal appeals court decision in February that struck down rules prohibiting companies from owning cable systems and broadcast stations in the same market.
The court declared that Federal Communications Commission cross-ownership rules that had prevented one company from owning TV stations and cable franchises in the same market no longer served the public interest.
The next stage in this evolution toward price transparency would be a court case or federal regulation exterminating the no-surcharge rules.
The court cannot overturn the rules and processes that federal agencies must follow "by instead mandating a particular substantive outcome, " the appeal states.
Let us be clear: Muslim charities have run into difficulty with "the rules" because they have been convicted in federal court of using the Muslim obligation to perform zakat (tithing to charity) to funnel money to terrorists.
Congress has passed laws forcing most shareholder suits into federal court and the U.S. Supreme Court has imposed stricter rules requiring lawyer to make specific factual allegations before cases can proceed to the expensive discovery stage.
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Federal regulations for insurers are nothing like basketball rules the playing court, the regulations and the referees all are designed to make sure that the insurance company wins because there is no competition.
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Fourth, the rules related to filing deadlines under the federal tax code create practical hurdles to allowing a trial court to compel the parties to file joint returns.
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But the appeals court has now ruled that the city is not barred from imposing employment regulations that go beyond existing federal rules.
Mr. Einhorn's lawsuit, filed in the federal court in Manhattan, argues that the very formulation of Apple's proxy statement violates Securities and Exchange Commission rules that allow shareholders to vote on "each matter" in the proposals.
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