"Bachelor machines" include an apparatus from Franz Kafka's story "In the Penal Colony" meant to execute a condemned man by writing his sentence on his body which takes on Duchampian associations in a full-scale model realized for a 1975 show curated by Harald Szeemann.

WSJ: Ghosts in the Machine | New Museum | Beyond Human | By Kristin M. Jones

New South Wales, a state in southeast Australia, was founded by the British as a penal colony in 1788.

BBC: Australia��s penal colony roots

The videos were posted in January by Vladislav Nikitenko, a local activist and the legal aid of Andrey Nalyotov - whom Mr Makhno sentenced to five years in a penal colony for fraud.

BBC: Russian judge resigns for apparently sleeping on the job