When he resigned, the North American cardinals and some Europeans began pushing for deep institutional reform.
The promise of European Union membership encouraged institutional reform in central and eastern Europe.
Moreover, many European politicians believe the EU has spent more than enough time discussing institutional reform.
But institutional reform and changes to EU funding will have to take place before expansion can take place.
There are several proposals around for wider institutional reform including reform of financial regulation, and they deserve further studies.
PFL, Mr Cardoso created a new ministry of institutional reform, a fiction that not even its begetters take seriously.
If Britain wants to attract a better class of MP, a more effective measure than larger salaries would be institutional reform.
Perhaps the region first had to stabilise its economies and build its social safety net before embarking on microeconomic and institutional reform.
So the conclusion is that Russia's growth is likely to slow down, even as oil prices remain high, unless Russia carries out institutional reform.
Fine-tuning their demands and pushing further on institutional reform will probably ensure that no MDB is denied cash, even if the politics are likely to be messy all around.
All this institutional reform is intended to prepare the Union for its proposed enlargement from today's 15 to 30 or more countries, but for which there is itself no deadline.
President Barroso told MEPs that it was time for the EU to get back to the issue of policy making, after a years of focusing on institutional reform, a viewpoint echoed by Conservative MEP Timothy Kirkhope .
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