This stability reflects roughly proportional rises in the labor force and employment, as measured by the household survey.

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Most working mothers return to work within a year of having a child, according to the 2009 report, "Opting-Out: An Exploration of Labor Force Participation of New Mothers, " based on the American Community Survey three-year data file for 2005-2007.

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In addition, should one of them turn up in the household survey of employment, they should automatically be classified as not in the labor force rather than unemployed no matter how much they claim they are looking for work.

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