The lactic acid in it supposedly helps dissolve dead skin cells and aids cellular regeneration.
Its precursor, molecules of lactic acid, exists in two forms, so-called left-handed and right-handed versions.
Bacteria which produce putrefaction and gas in the intestines cannot live in lactic acid.
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"My legs get really heavy and lactic acid builds up, " he says.
The price is lactic acid, which can run you down if not flushed out with long easy rides in between the hard ones.
PLAs are formed when molecules of lactic acid (which is obtained, in this case, from maize starch) join together to form long chains.
Turns out that a vegan diet is the one mostly likely to contain natural antioxidants and minerals that neutralize waste products like lactic acid.
Gruber knew all this, but he also knew that some lactobacilli, the bacteria used to make yogurt, naturally excrete just the left-handed version of lactic acid.
The researchers expected to see a build-up of lactic acid and an acidic environment in the brain, as seen in other organs suffering from oxygen deprivation.
Hunting an animal may be tiresome but necessary, so endorphins are secreted during exertion to numb the discomfort induced by lactic acid production in the muscles.
Walking through his lab a decade ago, he had an epiphany: He envisioned an entire process by which he could feed corn sugar to lactobacilli that would exude ideal, highly concentrated lactic acid.
How people interpret some of the physical sensations of exertion or fatigue, such as buildup of lactic acid in muscle or increases in body temperature, can also influence whether they stick with an exercise routine.
Another problem brought on by a late-night bender: When breaking down alcohol, your body pumps out lactic acid and other byproducts that impede the production of glucose (sugar) and electrolytes (salts and other minerals that keep your body functioning properly).
First, a source of starch or sugar, which could be an agricultural by-product, is fermented to produce lactic acid the same substance made by the body during exercise, only in this case it comes from the bacteria exercising themselves in the fermentation process.
The effects of Proskins firm, constant compression that the company says reduces the buildup of lactic acid and after-sports fluid retention, which a friend who plays rugby confirms (though they do require a wash after every use) are said to apply equally well to those of us who want to wear the product all day.
In the second stage, lactic-acid molecules are linked into long chains, or polymers, in chemical-reaction vessels, to produce PLA. What Dr Lee and his colleagues have succeeded in doing, as they report in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, is to produce PLA directly, in a one-stage process, in bacteria.
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