Obviously, if the Fed targets interest rates, then 0 percent is a lower bound.
The Fed has already cut the federal funds rate to 1 percent, close to its lower bound of zero.
High levels of homeownership are also going to mean implicitly stronger support for macro-stabilization, at least away from the zero lower bound.
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And it also avoids the nasty problem of the zero lower bound.
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The complication, of course, is that the federal funds rate is essentially at its lower bound, which means that we cannot do more simply by turning that dial further.
On the same basis, of course, America's rate is far too low (even a lower bound for the optimal rate would be a lot higher than 7 pence a litre).
The instrument is implemented in the UK and US, where the central banks consider that there are risks of deflation and where the policy rate is constrained by the zero lower bound.
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That is because in any lower income group, with both an upper and lower bound to the incomes included, the average or mean income will always be much closer to the median.
In effect, the bank now has a target range for short-term rates: the upper bound is the 1% refi rate and the lower bound is the rate the central bank pays on banks' deposits with it, currently 0.25%.
The virtue of these policies in the current context is that they allow the Federal Reserve to continue to push down interest rates and ease credit conditions in a range of markets, despite the fact that the federal funds rate is close to its zero lower bound.
Rivalry between the two companies is bound to bring lower prices, so even more subscribers will sign up.
He argues that the market is still bound to turn much lower eventually because of the dangers of deflation, huge government deficits, and massive consumer and corporate debt.
As a lower-court judge, she was bound by Supreme Court precedent.
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Goldman Sachs (nyse: GS - news - people ), kicking off the Street's fiscal third-quarter earnings season, described trading during the slow summer months as "choppy" and "range-bound" and reported sharply lower revenues from most of its trading activities compared with a very strong second quarter.
If Sony want to be aggressive, they can obviously go lower, but this is likely the upper bound of what it will cost Sony to actually make a PS4.
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Restrictions on hours mean that output per hour is bound to rise, as firms shed lower-value, yet still profitable, tasks.
New York (CNN) -- At least 57 people were injured, two of them critically, when a New York-bound ferry crashed into a dock in Lower Manhattan Wednesday, authorities said.
Investors continue to expect steep oil price volatility in the months ahead as political strife continues in the Arab world pushes prices higher and the recession bound economies of Europe are pushing prices lower.
The standard view is that such tightening is bound to be contractionary, for it will lower aggregate demand.
In the end, the SPX closed slightly lower for the week, as it remains range-bound between 1, 300 and 1, 333.
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That number looks bound to soar if the Christian Democrats flag badly in Lower Saxony.
My best guess would be that their calculation gives us an upper bound and the actual effect will be above zero but lower than their number.
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Silver prices are expected to remain range-bound to perhaps slightly weaker, especially if economic data continues to come in lower-than-expected.
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