Lung cancer is a different disease than is breast cancer, with different risk factors and different causes.

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However, until now they have been unable to be so precise about predicting lung cancer risk because it varies depending on various different factors.

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Other dietary factors which appeared to reduce lung cancer risk were raw and green vegetables, fruit and milk, but carrot, pumpkin, egg and coffee appeared to increase risk.

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Thus, these breast cancer risk factors are nothing like cigarette smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer, where a current smoker has roughly a 15-fold increased risk compared to that of someone who never smoked, and a heavy smoker might have a 40 or 50-fold increased risk.

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Epidemiology has a long list of accomplishments, including most famously identification of the association of smoking with risk of lung cancer, but also encompassing the identification of many other exposures, medications, and infectious agents as risk factors or protective factors for specific diseases.

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