And that was on fears that Gustav would damage drilling and oil refining operations.
Historically, gasoline has cost more than diesel, which is a byproduct of the oil refining process.
Petroleos Mexicanos, or Pemex, is the only company that can carry out oil refining.
The Purina connection has more to do with Koch's oil refining and trading divisions.
In 1996, oil refining capacity was 1.21 million barrels-per-day, but demand was 1.63 million.
Petroleum coke is the solid black gunk left over at the end of the oil refining process.
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The European petrochemical industry, which is based on oil refining, will experience a very slight headwind, at most.
It was a dour bunch of oil refining executives at the Deutsche Bank refining summit in Boston earlier this month.
Curacao, off the Venezuelan coast, is an oil refining and tourist centre, boasting white-sand beaches, crystalline waters and popular casinos.
Furthermore, in a joint venture with China, Teheran has launched a crash program to expand its domestic oil refining capabilities.
Exxon's oil refining business saw higher margins but this was offset by a 7.5% drop in oil and gas production.
Ssangyong Oil Refining, the biggest shareholder in Ssangyong Motor, boasts shareholders' equity of 1.1 trillion won and a capital-reserve ratio of 385%.
Full sanctions would require replacing heavy oil supplies, for which much of the U.S. oil refining infrastructure on the Gulf Coast is geared.
Other notable targets included Quaker State Oil Refining and Chris-Craft Industries, each of which paid millions to buy back their stock from him.
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Shell said that it saw stronger margins in its oil refining division, but these were outweighed by lower crude prices during the quarter.
In oil refining, the injury and illness rate was 1.1 per 100 full-time workers versus 4.4 per 100 for the U.S. manufacturing sector overall.
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He found that oil refining investments are taxed at 19 percent.
Some people have suggested that Koch, which has invested heavily in oil refining and chemicals, is now keen to diversify, explaining another portion of the premium.
The deal, expected to be signed in April, would involve drilling rights and oil refining in Siberia and possibly near the Caspian Sea and on Sakhalin Island.
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Meanwhile, Kior last month said it received EPA approval for a drop-in replacement fuel from wood chips using a pyrolysis process adopted from the oil refining business.
He first took a position in the oil refining company in January 2012, and by the summer he owned 82% of its shares and had replaced its board.
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However, in view of its present high price, rhenium (used in highly fuel-efficient aircraft engines) is now recovered from scrap bimetallic catalysts used in the oil refining industry.
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"In the 50s the oil refining industry came, and now there we are in the 21st century at the start of a new era of natural gas import and processing, " he commented.
The largest of the three islands, Curacao also has the biggest population and one of the highest standards of living in the Caribbean due to its well-developed oil refining business and other industries.
In recent years, Iranian interests have wound themselves into everything from resources for the Indonesian fuel industry, to Ghanaian banking, to irrigation and oil refining in Sri Lanka, to initiatives by Iran's Ministry of Agricultural Jihad (yes, that's the name) for projects across much of Africa.
On the other hand, some 60 percent of Lithuania's export earnings are generated from products derived from Soviet-supplied oil and sold to Western Europe. (It is noteworthy, however, that over 90 percent of the hard currency generated from these energy exports goes directly to Moscow's coffers.) Oil refining facilities in Mazeikiai, Lithuania produced 12.7 million tons of petroleum products in 1987 including gasoline, refined crude, diesel, bitumen, various liquid gases and sulphur.
Apart from energy, the sectors that will suffer include paper, oil-refining, cement, steel and foundries.
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Oil-refining subsidiary Reliance Petroleum, in which Chevron has 5% stake, listed in May.
Private investment would be allowed in shale gas and oil, refining and petrochemicals.
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