The Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, which maintains a database on field and laboratory experiments measuring plant growth responses to CO2-enriched environments has reported 45 studies that have examined effects on the garden tomato (lycopersicon eculentum).

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There had been a lot of forums and papers published, she says, but the field had been handicapped by a tendency on the part of drug companies to approach the problem on a study-by-study basis, often not following up with communities after the work is done.

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Varadhan, New York University, for his work in probability theory, especially his work on large deviations from expected random behavior which has revolutionized this field of study during the second half of the 20th century, and become a cornerstone of both pure and applied probability.

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Lottery-based incentive programs in the workplace fall broadly into the realm of behavioral economics, a field of study that looks at how psychological factors weigh on economic decisions.

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Supporters of ongoing stem cell research -- which is controversial enough on its own because some existing stem cell lines were created from cells extracted from aborted fetuses -- say the field of study holds the promise of reversing or even curing many diseases.

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