Britain would make empty Terra Australis a penal colony: his idea had finally won.

NPR: Excerpt: 'Natives and Exotics'

South Australia is the only Australian state not founded as a British penal colony.

ECONOMIST: Roma Mitchell

New South Wales, a state in southeast Australia, was founded by the British as a penal colony in 1788.

BBC: Australia��s penal colony roots

His ancestors included a superintendent of convicts at the penal colony there as well as a mayor of Sydney.

WSJ: Acerbic Art Critic Who Wrote 'The Fatal Shore'

Yet a spectre haunts all these accounts, North and South, whether process gone mad or penal colony writ large.

NEWYORKER: The Caging of America

The videos were posted in January by Vladislav Nikitenko, a local activist and the legal aid of Andrey Nalyotov - whom Mr Makhno sentenced to five years in a penal colony for fraud.

BBC: Russian judge resigns for apparently sleeping on the job

He had constructed this big penal colony.

NPR: The War on Terror, Five Years Later

Grateful though he felt to have grown up there and then experiences that allowed him to write "The Fatal Shore, " his foundational history of Australia's repressed origins as a penal colony the place could not contain his desire to become a world-class painter.

WSJ: Robert Hughes | The Most Feared Art Critic of His Time? | By Richard B. Woodward

"Bachelor machines" include an apparatus from Franz Kafka's story "In the Penal Colony" meant to execute a condemned man by writing his sentence on his body which takes on Duchampian associations in a full-scale model realized for a 1975 show curated by Harald Szeemann.

WSJ: Ghosts in the Machine | New Museum | Beyond Human | By Kristin M. Jones