Chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, pulp and paper and iron and steel manufacturing dominate industrial energy use.
Petroleum refining, tourism and offshore finance were the mainstays of the islands' economies.
Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery.
Hurricane Sandy struck the East Coast on October 29, causing severe damage to the petroleum refining and distribution sector -- including pipelines, refineries, bulk terminals, and ports.
But at the time, in the early 1980s, Khosla feared that he would end up fermenting beer, making animal feed, or refining petroleum.
For the past 18 months engineers have been testing coal, petroleum coke (a refining by-product) and other fuels in the plant, tinkering with the catalyst and gathering data.
Oil-refining subsidiary Reliance Petroleum, in which Chevron has 5% stake, listed in May.
Oil-refining subsidiary Reliance Petroleum, in which Chevron (nyse: CVX - news - people ) has 5% stake, listed in May.
Specifically, Icahn cited widening crack spreads, or the difference between crude oil prices and the price petroleum products that come from refining the crude.
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All this heating, plus refining bitumen into something approximating everyday petroleum, gobbles 1, 300 to 2, 100 cubic feet of natural gas per barrel of crude produced.
Refining costs in Japan, reckons Japan's Petroleum Association, are twice those of neighbouring South Korea.
John Catsimatidis, the New York City billionaire behind the Gristedes grocery store chain, announced on Tuesday that United Refining, which he controls, had agreed to buy a petroleum terminal with 5 million barrels of storage capacity from Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX).
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Constrained by a lack of refining capacity, it is also the world's largest importer of petroleum products.
Petroleum coke is the solid black gunk left over at the end of the oil refining process.
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Suffice it to say, oil companies are in no danger of being over taxed and if they would invest in more refining capacity for heavy and sour crudes, the supply and demand for petroleum would stablize, at least over the next period.
On the other hand, some 60 percent of Lithuania's export earnings are generated from products derived from Soviet-supplied oil and sold to Western Europe. (It is noteworthy, however, that over 90 percent of the hard currency generated from these energy exports goes directly to Moscow's coffers.) Oil refining facilities in Mazeikiai, Lithuania produced 12.7 million tons of petroleum products in 1987 including gasoline, refined crude, diesel, bitumen, various liquid gases and sulphur.
News just in: there is so much untapped oil and refining capacity in North America that the U.S. is about to become a net exporter of petroleum products for the first time in 62 years.
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