The gel coats the interior of the vessel with a plastic compound that has a net positive charge.
These ions, like the hydrogen ions that are the heart of every acid, have a single positive charge.
As microbes traveled through the polymer-lined pipes and encountered the strong positive charge, the attractive forces pulled them apart.
In this case it is the paint that carries the positive charge.
Safe enough to go into the human body, the hydrogel prevents biofilms from growing and, thanks to its positive charge, attracts negatively charged microorganisms, which it then pops like water balloons.
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That means its nucleus has a stronger positive charge and that, in turn, means the electrons orbiting the nucleus are more attracted to it and travel faster, at roughly 60% of the speed of light, compared with 35% for the electrons orbiting a tin atom.
The delegitimising of the local cleric is a very positive step, because it has turned the charge of blasphemy on its head.
The agency was expected to capitalize on Braun capturing the MVP award last season but put those plans on hold after it was leaked in December that Braun had tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug, a charge Bruan always denied.
"Oftentimes the value we get is more than the fee that we charge, so it ends up being a net positive for the customer, " he says.
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According to a survey for London First, a business organisation, 59% of firms term the charge's impact on London's economy as positive or neutral, compared with 26% who say it has been negative.
While this trend might have a significant positive impact to other credit card issuers, American Express has little to gain since its charge-off rates have always been the lowest.
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Lord Coe, who is in charge of the London Olympic organising committee, has said that people are "overwhelmingly very positive" about the games and that he believes there are no concerns over security.
Marr, along with brother Jimmy, was in charge when the club went into administration for the first time seven years ago but he is positive that the club can again emerge from its current situation and preserve its 117-year history.
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