The US itself has been accused of protectionist policies with regard to its own farmers and markets.
In a few years, the world will be at significant risk of protectionist policies damaging world trade.
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Brazil recently raised tariffs on hundreds of products, citing U.S. policy in defense of these protectionist policies.
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Balancing imports and exports is a delicate issue, because there are a number of protectionist policies available, and because other countries can retaliate.
Hopes that the WTO will make it soften its protectionist policies seem naive, given that President Vladimir Putin is already trying to change the club's rules.
Le Pen goes into the election with anti-euro, protectionist policies for France, and opposes the privatization of the country's post office, which she says will hit rural areas hard.
In fact you could argue this would make our threats more powerful since it will leave us with protectionist policies that have lots of domestic support in our holster, so to speak.
If trade policies are deemed to hurt a tradig partner, a trade war can erupt, in which countries ratchet up protectionist policies in a tit-for-tat manner, ultimately leading to economic slowdown.
By contrast, there is the threat to markets posed by various protectionist policies, which were again in evidence this week in Indonesia as well as in that supposedly liberalizing India, which is trying to force Western tech companies to manufacture locally.
The fear in Canada is that the American purchasing restrictions, which at present apply only to federal agencies, is the start of a wholesale shift to greener as well as more protectionist policies under a Congress and potentially a White House controlled by the Democrats.
Her National Front party -- founded and, until last year, led by her father -- has been known for anti-euro, protectionist policies, its stringent positions on curbing immigration and other more right-wing stances that would appear to jive more closely with the views of Sarkozy than Hollande.
Not surprisingly, other countries have responded in kind with their own protectionist trade policies.
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Mr. Obama's protectionist trade policies would also result in higher tariffs.
The temptation of governments to support protectionist trade policies at the behest of producer lobbies and at the expense of consumers is a classic example supporting Olson's theories.
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