In other words, unlike someone who wears a belt and suspenders, if one structural member fails, there is no redundant system to prevent collapse.

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In 2010, the IMO adopted rules that require any large cruise ship built after July 1 of that year to have a separate, redundant system able to maintain the ship's propulsion, steering and so forth in case one engine is disabled by fire.

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In the old days, teams used to time the other cars as well as their own but the electronic timing system made that redundant.

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All four of the new systems include full hardware redundancy, redundant storage and network connections and allow for live operating system upgrades, Sun said.

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In effect, the new law was made redundant by a subsequent government bill to introduce a new system of debt collection - warrant sales by another name, argued Sheridan.

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Speaking for the Scottish Conservatives, David McLetchie said the first part of the bill was "creating a tortuous system" and the second part was "largely redundant".

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The current system is largely a waste of taxpayer dollars because it is redundant and it is counter-productive because it subsidizes fuel consumption.

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