Observations, especially observations gathered through controlled study through the scientific method, are data.

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And yet, this was the age that revived Aristotle, built upon Indian mathematics, developed the scientific method, and brought about the beginnings of serious study into medicine, chemistry, optics, and most of the other sciences.

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The essence of the scientific method is reproducing precisely the methods and patient cohort of the original study, something most of us learn in 9th grade science.

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