The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) barely budged during the decade, so initial public offerings were scarce and small and medium-sized companies only had access to loans from commercial banks and a handful of insurance companies.
Small and medium-sized firms in all sorts of industries are griping about banks' unwillingness to lend.
Although it should still, in theory, be profitable for banks to lend to small and medium-sized companies, they seem unwilling to do so.
Alternative lending is popular in China because state-owned banks tend to favour large companies, particularly state-owned enterprises, leaving small and medium-sized companies starved of credit.
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We want to figure out ways in which the environment for lending to these small and medium-sized businesses, where that can be conducive for these banks.
Regional Landesbanks provide vital financing and support to small and medium-sized enterprises which would otherwise not have access to funding from national banks.
The President wants to have a discussion with the bankers here about ways in which we can all work together, as he did with the bigger banks, to spur lending to small and medium-sized businesses.
Beneath them is a mass of small and medium-sized firms that collectively employ around half of American workers and are heavily reliant on banks.
The competition authorities would have qualms if Barclays wanted to merge with National Westminster, since the two banks dominate the market in lending to Britain's small and medium-sized companies.
And we are constantly looking for more ways that we can push the banks and the credit markets to get money into the hands of small and medium-sized businesses who create the majority of jobs.
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In Britain, banks still face high borrowing costs and remain nervous about lending more to small and medium-sized enterprises: a new credit-easing programme about to be introduced by the BoE and the Treasury is long overdue.
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