These increased labour productivity faster than other areas of the economy could absorb that newly surplus labour.
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What happens if we employ this newly surplus labour to do something so that it is happier?
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The actual process of moving the surplus labour can be a wrench, yes.
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Labour productivity is rising faster than the ability of other areas of the economy to absorb that newly surplus labour.
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My own response to this problem would be to loosen the regulations that make employing that surplus labour so difficult.
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It needs the export sector to continue booming, in order to absorb surplus labour from the countryside and moribund state-owned companies.
However, wages are held back by a large pool of surplus labour, and China's partially convertible currency is pegged to the dollar.
Huge amounts of surplus labour and spare capacity threaten to entrench deflation.
So what are we to do with this newly surplus labour?
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GM, which has missed its profit targets in Europe, has been quietly refurbishing its old factory at Russelsheim in Germany, shedding surplus labour and capacity along the way.
An even less healthy dynamic connected Europe as a whole with north Africa: the European Union absorbed some of the Maghreb's surplus labour, while helping to prop up the region's authoritarian regimes.
Yet as the recession has bitten deeper into corporate profits, Japanese firms have become keen to shed surplus labour, particularly the sort of middle manager who disappeared from foreign competitors' payrolls some time ago.
Its leaders need at least 7% annual growth, they reckon, to continue to create enough jobs to absorb surplus rural labour and the workers laid off by state-owned enterprises.
Rapid industrial growth over the past three decades has required tearing down migration barriers to exploit the countryside's huge labour surplus.
Proceso Social is also trying to teach families skills that might give them a better chance of finding work in an environment where there is a shortage of skilled labour and a surplus of non-skilled workers.
But he has won praise for his prescriptions for Brazil's economy: low inflation and a hefty primary budget surplus for now and, in time, reform of taxes, labour laws and the money-losing pension system.
In Labour's second term, the chancellor has run down this surplus and borrowed heavily in order to finance a spending spree.
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There was the usual surplus of jargon - other politicians have meetings, Mrs Gillan has bilaterals - and a couple of sharp clashes with Labour MPs.
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