He theorized that TNF and related proteins (cytokines), might be injuring the heart muscle.
Many types of muscular dystrophy can also reduce the efficiency of the heart muscle.
Normally, orderly waves of electric activity pass through the cardiac tissue, causing the heart muscle to contract.
The heart muscle contracts and relaxes when calcium is released from a reservoir inside into the muscle cell and then pumped back quickly.
It is not known why the virus specifically attacks the heart muscle or why young children are particularly at risk of serious infection.
They give the heart muscle time to rest or recover and can support the failing heart until a donor heart becomes available for transplantation.
If any part of the chamber is not contracting, which may indicate an old myocardial infarction (a portion of the heart muscle is dead).
Injecting stem cells into the heart muscle carries the risk of arrhythmia, said Techung Lee, associate professor of biochemistry at the State University New York at Buffalo.
Wolfe, in contrast, grouped together a smorgasbord of heart problems that are harder to diagnose, such as angina, arrhythmia and heart failure, a weakening of the heart muscle.
In PCI, a catheter is passed usually from the femoral artery in the groin up to the heart and into the small coronary arteries that pass through the heart muscle.
Post-mortem examination often reveals subtle, but nonetheless fatal, flaws in the heart muscle or kidneys of these animals the sorts of changes that are hard to predict and therefore almost impossible to prevent.
Among them are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - a hereditary condition in which there is excessive thickening in the heart muscle, myocarditis, which leads to inflammation of the heart muscle and coronary artery disease.
The stress thallium and the cardio catheterization, in which dye is injected in the coronary arteries (arteries of the heart muscle) are both useful in telling us if there is any coronary artery disease.
Although the new drugs boast some advantages, Dr. Barbey says these are by no means proven, and for many the older drugs, which keep the heart muscle from tensing up too much, may be just as good.
Instead, new medical devices allow valves to be fixed or replaced with tiny catheters that are snaked up from the groin, similar to the way stents are implanted in the heart to open clogged arteries when people have heart attacks or pain from a lack of good circulation in the heart muscle.
Although some of the deaths occurred in people with underlying diseases such as atherosclerosis (and therefore could have been coincidental), government researchers who examined otherwise healthy dieters who died of ventricular arrhythmias found that the pattern of deaths suggested "the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on the heart, " including atrophy of the heart muscle.
After an average of nine days, the new heart muscle cells were present in 68% of the damaged portions of the mouse hearts.
For example, in the cases of the heart-muscle cells and pancreatic cells mentioned above, dosing them with leptin keeps them healthy.
Scientists have measured electrical signals from the beat of heart muscle cells and reconstructed the pattern on a computer.
They found that the stem cells produced growth factors that traveled to the heart, in addition to stimulating the muscle itself to make growth factors that also improved cardiac function.
As the weakening heart tries to pump harder, the muscle gets bigger, but becomes deformed.
Further laboratory tests showed that this defect disrupts the calcium pump in heart muscle cells.
They make it easier to do things like looking for blockages in the arteries that supply heart muscle.
The researchers also detected the creation of fresh heart muscle.
Except that researchers still couldn't prove that the heart, nerve, muscle and other cells they made from the iPS cells were exactly like the ones generated from the embryonic stem cells.
The heart failure is a muscle weakness.
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However, when poloxamer 188 was added, the cells were able to handle the stretching with no problem, in the same way as healthy heart muscle cells.
This level of structural detail allows a computer to mimic the behaviour of each and every muscle fibre, and thus to simulate the heart as a whole.
There is also a significant risk of damage to the heart, which is made of muscle tissue.
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