John Quincy Adams is today famous for helping formulate the Monroe Doctrine and battling the expansion of slavery.

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Not unlike the Monroe Doctrine or the Truman Doctrine, the new policy will likely define the conditions under which the government considers force justified.

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Nearly 200 years later, this policy position, hidden in the context of a larger address and dealing with many issues of the day, we still call today the Monroe Doctrine.

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But Mr Kagan's Whiggery helps to bring long-dead diplomatic history to life: who else but a professional historian would want to read about the Monroe doctrine except for the light that it throws on America's current dilemma?

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The expansionist impulse continued under Teddy Roosevelt, whose big stick (carry one, while talking softly, he advised) and amendments to the Monroe Doctrine (his corollary proclaimed the United States' right to intervene anywhere in Latin America to prevent the Europeans doing so) have helped to make him a hero in today's Washington.

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James McKinney, is McKinney's identical twin and is based at the Army's Training and Doctrine Command at Fort Monroe, Virginia.

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