His ancestors included a superintendent of convicts at the penal colony there as well as a mayor of Sydney.

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"Bachelor machines" include an apparatus from Franz Kafka's story "In the Penal Colony" meant to execute a condemned man by writing his sentence on his body which takes on Duchampian associations in a full-scale model realized for a 1975 show curated by Harald Szeemann.

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New South Wales, a state in southeast Australia, was founded by the British as a penal colony in 1788.

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Grateful though he felt to have grown up there and then experiences that allowed him to write "The Fatal Shore, " his foundational history of Australia's repressed origins as a penal colony the place could not contain his desire to become a world-class painter.

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South Australia is the only Australian state not founded as a British penal colony.

ECONOMIST: Roma Mitchell

The videos were posted in January by Vladislav Nikitenko, a local activist and the legal aid of Andrey Nalyotov - whom Mr Makhno sentenced to five years in a penal colony for fraud.

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