Rather than bracing themselves for sale, takeover or closure, the bigger state-owned enterprises in the region are pinning their hopes on bail-outs.
The only companies that had money back then were the large state-owned enterprises that were able to borrow all they wanted from the four large state-owned banks, or perhaps go public on one of the new stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen.
Many of the Chinese companies involved are privately held, like Shuanghui, as opposed to the big state-owned enterprises that often act on behalf of Beijing on the international stage.
The remaining state-owned enterprises are grey assemblies of middle-aged men and women, with retired former employees still living in company housing on upper floors.
She took on Britain's then-powerful labor unions and whittled the size of the state through sweeping privatizations and the closure of unprofitable state-owned enterprises, from coal mines to steel plants.
She took on Britain's labor unions and whittled the size of the state through sweeping privatizations and the closure of unprofitable state-owned enterprises, from coal mines to steel plants.
But in China, all the carriers are state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reporting to the State Council.
It needs to create new jobs for the millions employed in state-owned enterprises and the farming sector whose jobs will become redundant after China joins the World Trade Organization.
Much work remains to be done, from the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to boosting social-security provisions.
Those who do are mostly civil servants and the staff of state-owned enterprises.
The transition also involves changes of officials and bureaucrats across the country at state-owned enterprises, government departments and local agencies.
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Despite the power of its state-owned enterprises, it is taking incremental, but important, steps to liberalize the renminbi and give foreign companies greater access to its vast consumer market.
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KfW backs export-oriented firms and small businesses, lending at low rates, and deals with the privatisation of German state-owned enterprises.
Broadman recalls working with the Chinese leadership on restructuring state-owned enterprises and corporate governance reform in the early 1990s while he was at the World Bank.
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Between 1995 and 2002 (the latest figures available) the number of such jobs fell by 15m in China, mainly due to the restructuring of inefficient state-owned enterprises.
Trade lawyers and scholars are traveling around the country, advising state-owned and private enterprises and local government officials about the impact of WTO decisions and cases.
Women-owned firms are enjoying growth rates that exceed all but the largest U.S. corporations and these women-owned businesses account for 29% of all enterprises, according to The State of Women-Owned Businesses Report, a report commissioned by American Express OPEN.
Beijing recently announced that its top economic priority in the coming years was the overhaul of chronically inefficient state-owned enterprises.
Its leaders need at least 7% annual growth, they reckon, to continue to create enough jobs to absorb surplus rural labour and the workers laid off by state-owned enterprises.
His hasty mass-privatisation programme, which made ordinary Czechs the formal owners of most enterprises but gave control to state-owned banks with no interest in improving them, created a crisis that culminated in a humiliating devaluation of the currency in May last year.
The first group contains managers and white-collar employees of state-owned enterprises, accountants and civil servants, and teachers and doctors in the public education and health systems.
While this might boost support for the president's Peronist party in the coming legislative elections, Argentina's dismal track record of infrastructure investments by state-owned enterprises should give pause to voters concerned about the quality of their utility services.
In particular, it is claimed that the bulk of bank loans went to state-owned enterprises.
He also promised to overhaul bankrupt state-owned enterprises by the end of the year and "work energetically" to re-employ workers who had lost their jobs.
They reserve the first and biggest bites for large state-owned enterprises.
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In December it announced that state-owned enterprises under the central government would remain in control of industrial sectors considered crucial to national security and economic welfare: military equipment, electric power, oil and petrochemicals, telecommunications, coal, aviation and shipping.
Between 1995 and 2001 the number of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises fell by nearly two-thirds, from 1.2m to 468, 000, and the proportion of urban workers employed in the state sector fell by nearly half, from 59% to 32%.
State-owned-enterprises registered profits of just under 4% in the first 11 months of the year, according to government numbers.
But GM's big Chinese partner SAIC Motor is on the list, as are many other largely state-owned enterprises.
The existence of widespread shadow banking serving the private sector, however, indicates that state-owned enterprises have much easier access to credit.
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